Tape 1- Down to Earth
1. Define the two broad areas of Geology (p.2)

2. Describe two branches of the geological profession (tapes)

3. Describe at least three applications of geology to everyday life (tapes)
 

Tape 2 -The Restless Planet
4.  Describe the currently accepted theory for the formsation of the Solar System.   (pp.395-396)

5. How are the rest of the inner planets (Mercury, Venus and Mars) similar to the Earth? (p. 395)

6. Explain the formation of the Earth.  Be sure to include the differentiation process in your answer.
    (pp 395-396)

7. Briefly explain the formation of the atmosphere.  (pp. 396-397)

8.  Describe the formation of the hydrosphere.  (pp. 396-397)
 

Tape 3 – Earth’s Interior
9.  Describe three lines of evidence used to obtain information about the internal structure of the Earth.
     (p. 310)

10. The Earth has a magnetic field. How do we think it is generated? (p. 310)

11. Explain how seismic waves are used to determine the internal structure of the Earth.  Use diagrams.
      (pp. 295-296; 308-309)

12. Draw a cross-section of the Earth’s interior and label the major layers (pp. 308-310)
 

Tape 9 - Earthquakes
13. What are Earthquakes and how are they produced?  (pp. 290-294)

14. Describe the two scales used to measure earthquakes and explain the difference between an earthquake’s
      intensity and its magnitude. (pp. 298-300)

15. What factors make some earthquakes more devastating than others? (pp. 300-305)

16. Describe how to locate the epicenter of an earthquake. (pp. 296-298)

17. What makes the areas around New Madrid, MO or Charleston, SC. dangerous places to live?
      (p. 291. 305-307)

18. Describe the global distribution of earthquakes and volcanos. (pp. 297-299)
 

Tape 5 - Birth of a Theory (Continental Drift and Sea Floor Spreading)
19. What was the accepted model for crustal evolution before the ideas of continental drift, sea floor
      spreading and plate tectonics evolved? (p. 314)

20. Describe what lines of evidence Wegener used to support his idea of continental drift. (pp. 314-315)

21. How is the idea of continental drift supported by modern evidence (e.g. paleomagnetism and other
      evidence not used by Wegener)? (pp. 332-338)

22. Explain why continental drift is the best explanation for polar wandering. (pp. 332-333)

23. Explain how the paleomagnetic pattern on the sea floor is central to understanding sea floor spreading.
      (pp. 333-335)

24. Explain how rock becomes magnetized and then describe the paleomagnetic pattern on the ocean floor.
      (pp. 333-335)
 

Tape 4 - The Sea Floor
25.  What techniques are used to explore the ocean floor and what do they tell us? (pp. 272-276)

26. Describe the features found in the deep ocean basin (pp. 280-283)

27. Draw a cross-sectional profile of a continent and ocean basin. Include a passive and an active margin.
      Label the major features. (pp. 277-282)
 

Tape 6 - Plate Tectonics
28. Briefly explain the theory of plate tectonics. (p. 314. pp. 12-16, 319-322)

29. Describe the structure, composition and behavior of the crust and the upper mantle; include the lithosphere
      and asthenosphere. (p. 309-310)

30. Discuss the global distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes. Offer a possible explanation for the patterns.
      (pp. 297-299, 335-336)

31. Draw diagrams showimig divergent, convergent and transform botinndaries and label the features associated
      with each boundary. (pp. 320-321, 322-332)

32. Why are shallow focus earthquakes usually generated at divergent and transform boundaries? (pp. 335-336)
 

33. Why are intermediate and deep focus earthquakes usually found at convergent plate boundaries?
      (pp. 335-336)

34. Explain the origin of the following features in the context of plate tectonics, including plate motions
      (= divergent, convergent. or transform), and plate boundaries (= cont/cont., cont./ocean. or ocean./ocean.),
      if applicable.
         a. Iceland
         b. Andes Mountains
         c. San Andreas Fault
         d. Himalayan Mountains
         e. Hawaii
         f. Appalachian Mountains

35. What seems to be the driving mechanism of plate tectonics? (=Why do the plates move?) (pp. 342-345)

36. Explain why plate tectonics is known as a unifying theory. (pp. 12-19, and tectonic chapter)
 

Tape 8 – Earth’s Structure
37. Describe stress and the various ways in which materials respond to stress. (pp. 350-351)

38. What are some obvious lines of evidence that the earth’s crust and lithosphere have been
      structurally deformed? (pp. 351-357)

39. Describe folds and explain the differences between antichines, synclines and monoclines.
      What forces are involved in creating these features? (pp. 351-352)

40 Describe joints; describe normal, reverse, and strike slip faults; describe the forces responsible
     for creating these features. (pp. 352-357)
 

Tape 7 – Mountain Building and the Growth of Continents
41. Describe the different types of mountains. (pp. 357-361)

42. Describe how oceanic mountains are formed. (pp. 281-283; 322-325; 337-338)

43. Describe how continental mountain ranges such as the Rockies or the Andes are formed.
 (pp. 364-365)

44. Describe how continental mountain ranges such as the Himalayans, Appalachians or Urals
      are formed. (pp. 365-366)

45. Explain how continental lithosphere evolves from oceanic lithosphere (pp. 361-367)

46. Explain the role of  foreign terrains in the formation of continents (p. 367)

47. Explain the role of accretion in the growth of continents. (pp. 367-368)