Technology and Science
From the first wood or stone artifact to the space shuttle stretches
an unbroken tool-making and -using tradition that has always focused on
"bigger, better, faster, easier and cheaper. In contrast to modern science
which is a new (a few hundred years old) institution, technology has been
with us since the appearance of man. Indeed, one of the first species we
recognize as fully human is named Homo habilis, handy man, because
of his tool-making capabilities.
For over two million years, technology evolved slowly, often by accident,
sometimes by trial and error. In the past one hundred and fifty years,
the rate of technological innovation has increased enormously. What has
happened is that, as science began explaining the make-up and the working
of the world, this new understanding allowed people to apply and use these
insights for new products and services.
This synergistically relationship between science and technology
has radically altered the human environment, and forced people to alter
their behaviors, opinions and social systems more and more often. How will
your life change as new products, new mores and behaviors come to replace
those that you consider important and correct, and eventually new jobs
replace those you have been trained for? Moreover this pace of innovation
has been increasing steadily. As technology becomes ever more powerful
and sophisticated, our tools for exploring the world also improve. This
allows us to better see it and understand it, which then feeds the technology,
which gives science better tools...etc.
The growth of technology has ushered in many new problems for all
societies, such as pollution. Many of these ills are ascribed to the interference
of science with "the world." In reality, these are not scientific problems
but technological problems. They have been created by technology, fueled
by economic and political motivations that lead to decisions and behaviors
too often ignorant of the all too real consequences of these decisions.
Because the cause of the problem is really social, the solutions also involve
new social and political behaviors and reallocation of resources. Unfortunately
there has been little political and social willingness or ability to implement
the rational solutions that science has offered for many of these problems
often driven by greed, fear and ignorance.
Science and Society
Because scientific inquiry has grown in complexity and extent, doing
science has become an expensive proposition. Few scientists can master
more than even a segment of their discipline, and are therefore dependent
on colleagues for expertise beyond their own, often too narrow area. Consequently,
scientists have increasingly entered into cooperative research clustered
in well equipped centers. The high cost has also led to more and more research
being funded by the government, increasingly blurring the lines between
science and technology.
Science deals in information and is a way of looking at the world.
In this shrinking universe, it becomes ever more important to see and understand
the world as it is, and not through the eyes of a particular culture, philosophy,
need or time. Only science provides such a broad perspective. |