EROSION
 The main process that counteracts mountain building and shapes the surface of continents is:
 a. erosion   b. vulcanism    c. subduction   d. wind    e. evaporation

Which of the following erosional processes does not involve a medium?
 a. streams  b. ground water   c. mass wasting   d. wave action   e. glaciers

Creep is geologically important because:
a. it occurs everywhere  b. it causes a lot of rapid mass wasting  c. it creates regolith and soils  d. it transfers sediments to streams  e. of all the above.

Which of the following is not a form of rapid mass wasting?
a. avalanche    b. rock fall   c. rock slide    d. slump     e. creep

Which of the following would not be a factor leading to rapid mass wasting?
a. oversteepening the slope     b. type of material       c. trigger      d. water content     e. expansion and contraction of clay

Most landscapes in the world are the result of work by :
a. ground water  b. mass wasting  c. streams    d. glaciers   e. oceans.

Which of the following is not part of the water cycle?
a. oceans  b. streams  c. ground water  d. wind  e. glaciers

Plants release water to the atmosphere by:
a. evaporation     b. transpiration      c. outgassing      d. exfiltration    none of these

Which of the following control water velocity?
a. channel shape    b. channel size    c. channel roughness    d. channel gradient   e. they all do

Where do streams erode most?
a. near their mouth    b. in their estuary    c. in their head    d. in their floodplain   e. streams are agents of erosion, therefore everywhere

In a river bend most erosion is
a. at the inside of the bend    b. in the center of the channel    c. at the outside of the bend    d. equally in all parts of the bend
e. below (downstream of) the bend

In flat-lying sedimentary rocks the main drainage pattern is:
a. radial    b. dendritic     c. rectangular      d. radial     e. trellis

Runoff that flows at the surface and is not channelized is called:
a. runnels     b. sheet wash (or sheet flow)     c. infiltrating      d. soil flow    e. speading flow

The suspended load of a stream is:
a. the part of the load that rolls along the bottom      b. the part of the load that is disolved in the water
c. the part of the load that bounces along the bottom   d. deposited first as water loses energy
e. composed of fine sediments

Flood control features:
a. include levees     b.  include channelization     c. have been successful in reducing the effects of smaller floods                 d. have aggravated the effects of larger floods  e. all the above
 

 The ability of a stream to erode is dependent on its kinetic energy which in turn is a function of:
a. the steepness of the channel  b. the mass of water which goes by a given point  c. the amount of friction in the channel  d. the velocity of the water  e. all the above.

The main agent(s) of transport in the world is/are:
 a. tides and currents  b. streams    c. wind    d. ice   e. ground water

Rainwater is naturally acidic because:
a. carbon dioxide in the atmosphere  b. the oceans are acidic  c. sulfuric acid is always present  d. the greenhouse effect  e. atmospheric oxygen is acidic in solution

The main process by which ground water erodes and produces Karst features such as sinkholes is:
a. downcutting  b. sidecutting  c. plucking  d. solution    e. sandblasting

Permeable rock layers that contain ground water are:
a. water tables     b. aquitards     c. aquifers     d. springs    e. aquacludes

The percent void space in a rock is:
a. permeability     b. transmissivity      c. head     d. porosity  e. none of these

The top of the zone of saturation is the:
a. well head       b. artesian zone       c. water table    d. aquifer   e. capillary zone

Under artesian conditions:
a. aquifers are unconfined      b. aquifers are horizontal      c. the water table is lower than the zone of saturation   d. the water rises higher in the well than the level where it was first encountered     e. all of these are correct

Caves form most commonly in:
a. shales       b.   sandstones       c. limestones        d.  basalts     e. schists

Which of the following would not be depositional in origin?
a. stalactites      b. stalagmites     c. travertine   d. cave pearls     e. caverns

Streams such as the Itchatucknee wich are fed essentially by springs are:
a. influent      b. effluent    c. outflowing      d. abnormal       e. perched

Which of the following represents the greatest store of freshwater?
a. streams      b. lakes       c. groundwater       d. ice (glaciers)     e. they are about equal

Which of the following represents the greatest source of freshwater in Florida?
a. streams      b. lakes       c. groundwater       d. rivers     e. desalinization plants

Which of the following are groundwater pollutants?
a. fertilizers       b. animal wastes       c. insecticides and fungicides      d. sediments   e. they all are
 

Which of the following would not be associated with areas where ground water is the dominant erosional agent?
a. sinkholes  b. soluble rocks  c. caves and caverns     d. limestone e. stream networks.

Glacial drift is material deposited by:
a. alpine glaciers only    b. continental glaciers only      c. melt water only    d. ice directly    e. any glacial process

Outwash aprons
a. are deposited within glaciers along with eskers     b. are stratified drift left by meltwater    c. are unsorted till
d. are created when two glaciers join      e. are none of these

Which of the following is not a glacial erosional process or feature:
a. grinding   b. plucking    c. a cirque    d.  ablation   e. abrasion

Past continental glaciers had which of the following effects:
a. changes in climate     b. modifying landscapes    c. changes in river courses     d. altering sea level    e. they all are effects

Presently, where is most of the ice in the world?
a. the Himalayas     b. The Rockies      c. Greenland      d. Iceland    e. Antarctica

When accumulation exceeds wastage, a glacier will:
a. advance     b. stagnate      c. retreat    d. do any of these because ice motion is not related to these factors
 

When sand is carried by the wind it usually is part of the:
a. bed load (rolling along)   b. saltation load  (jumping along)    c. the suspended load  (carried in the air)    d. bed load and suspended load in roughly equal amounts       e. wind does not usually move particles

Desert pavement is the result of:
a. deflation     b. sandblasting      c. abrasion     d. running water erosion    e. chemical weathering

The loess deposits of the mid-west and along the Mississipi River are  from
a. past glacial outwash deposits  b. thicken away from the source    c. are still forming today due to deforestation and poor farming practices        d. are derived from the western US deserts    e. all of these

Which of the following is not due to wind erosion:
a. deflation    b. desert pavement    c. blowouts    d. dune fields    e. they all are caused by erosion

Long sand dunes running at right angles to the wind direction are:
a. barchan    b. transverse     c. longitudinal     d. star      e. seif

Sand dunes running parallel to the wind direction are:
a. barchan    b. transverse     c. longitudinal     d. star      e. seif

Isolated crescent-shaped sand dunes whose endspoint into the wind direction are:
a. barchan    b. transverse     c. longitudinal     d. parabolic      e. seif

Deserts on the downwind sides of mountain ranges are:
a. steppes     b. mountain or altiplano    c. rainshadow or orographic       d. basin or graben     e. of saharan type

Rocks shaped and faceted by wind abrasion  are called
a. erratics     b. ventifacts    c. stacks     d. pediments     e. arches

The current of water that parallels the shoreline is called a______current:
a. tidal     b. salinity     c. longshore      d. rip       e. jetsam

Wave length and height are a function of:
a. wind speed       b. wind duration     c. fetch      d. all of these     e. only a

Which of the following would tell you that land had risen or sea level had fallen?
a. an estuary      b. a delta      c. a marine terrace     d. a spit      e. all of these

Which of these is used in the hopes of preventing or stopping beach erosion?
a. groins      b. breakwaters       c. seawalls      d. beach nourishment       e. all of these

Which of these methods and/or structures has been successful in preventing or stopping beach erosion?
a. groins      b. breakwaters       c. seawalls      d. beach nourishment       e. none of these

Wave refraction:
a. concentrates wave energy on headlands    b. concentrates wave energy in bays      c. dissipates wave energy before it reaches the shore      d. deposits sediments in front of headlands   has no effect on erosional or depositional patterns